Explaining medical students' perceptions of asynchronous virtual education in the COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative study.

INTRODUCTION: With the unintended closure of classrooms following the outbreak of COVID-19, the virtual education method is used as an alternative to face-to-face education. Virtual education is one of the important factors in promoting the learning of medical students and has many benefits such as increasing the ability of critical thinking, problem-solving skills, and self-directed learning. However, critically examining students' perceptions of e-learning can help improve quality and better planning. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This research was a qualitative study. Twelve students were enrolled in the study based on purposive sampling. Data were collected using in-depth semi-structured interviews in 2020. All interviews were recorded and then transcribed and analyzed using a continuous comparison and conventional content analysis approach. RESULTS: Data analysis revealed four main themes and ten subthemes. The main themes included "student concern," "teacher barriers," "technology weakness," and "asynchronous virtual learning flexibility." CONCLUSION: Asynchronous e-learning in the COVID-19 outbreak had its advantages and disadvantages. By analyzing students' perceptions in this field, some better designs and planning can be done to increase the quality of education.

Lived Experiences of Nurses in the Care of Patients with COVID-19: A Study of Hermeneutic Phenomenology.

BACKGROUND: Nurses are at the forefront of caring for patients with COVID-19 and face a life-threatening risk to perform their duties. The complexity of disease conditions such as emerging disease may interfere with good nursing care and holistic care. The aim of this study is to reveal the lived experiences of nurses in the care of patients with COVID-19. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This qualitative study was conducted in Khoy, Iran from March 2020 to May 2020. Fourteen nurses underwent in-depth semi-structured interviews at COVID-19 Central Hospital. All interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed. Diekelmann's hermeneutic phenomenological approach was used to analyze and interpret the data. MAXQDA software version 2007 was used to manage and organize the data. RESULTS: After extensive analysis and reflection, four main themes emerged, including staying in an ethical dilemma, emotional turmoil, response to professional commitments, and seeking help. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study provided basic information about the lived experiences of nurses in different dimensions. Nursing managers need to be aware of these needs and expectations and provide a variety of programs and strategies not only to support nurses but also to ensure the quality of patient care.

Percepciones de las enfermeras sobre el apoyo de los compañeros de trabajo en el lugar de trabajo: investigación cualitativa / Nurses’ perceptions of co-worker support in the workplace: Qualitative research

Objetivo: Aunque los factores psicológicos del entorno laboral afectan la calidad del desempeño de los empleados más que los físicos, estos aún no han sido explicados ampliamente. El objetivo de este estudio es explorar las percepciones de las enfermeras sobre el apoyo del compañero de trabajo como recurso psicológico en el lugar de trabajo. Método: El presente estudio es una investigación cualitativa. Catorce enfermeras trabajadoras en hospitales afiliados a la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Khoy, Irán, fueron seleccionadas según un muestreo intencional para la realización de entrevistas en profundidad no estructuradas. Todas las entrevistas fueron grabadas, transcritas y analizadas utilizando el enfoque de análisis de contenido convencional a través del método comparativo constante. Resultados: El análisis de datos reveló 4 temas principales con 11 subtemas. Los 4 temas principales incluyen «apoyo emocional», «relación de trabajo efectiva y colaboración», «relaciones sociales adecuadas» y «orientación y enseñanza». Conclusión: Los resultados mostraron que las enfermeras tenían una percepción positiva del apoyo de sus colegas en el lugar de trabajo. El apoyo al compañero de trabajo es un fenómeno multidimensional y está influido por varios factores. Percibir el apoyo del colega y tener un sentido de apoyo puede promover la calidad de la atención y aumentar el manejo de situaciones estresantes en enfermería. Por lo tanto, se recomienda enseñar habilidades de comunicación y flexibilidad tanto al personal como a las personas gestoras.(AU)

Objective: Although the psychological factors of the work environment affect the quality of employees’ performance more than physical factors, they have not been broadly explained yet. This study is conducted to explore nurses’ perceptions of the co-worker support as psychological resource in the workplace. Method: The present study is a qualitative research. Fourteen staff nurses who were working in hospitals affiliated to the Khoy University of Medical Sciences, Iran were selected based on purposeful sampling and interviewed using un-structured in-depth interviews. All interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using conventional content analysis approach through constant comparative method. Results: Data analysis revealed four major themes with 11 sub themes. The four major themes include ‘emotional support’, ‘effective working relationship and collaboration’, ‘suitable social relationships’, and ‘guidance and teaching’. Conclusion: The results showed that, nurses had a positive perception of their colleagues’ support in the workplace. Co-worker support is a multidimensional phenomenon and is influenced by various factors. Perceiving support from the colleague and having a sense of support can promote the quality of care and increase dealing with stressful situations in nursing. Therefore, communication and flexibility skills should be taught to both staff and managers in this regard.(AU)

[Nurses' perceptions of co-worker support in the workplace: Qualitative research]. / Percepciones de las enfermeras sobre el apoyo de los compañeros de trabajo en el lugar de trabajo: investigación cualitativa.

OBJECTIVE: Although the psychological factors of the work environment affect the quality of employees' performance more than physical factors, they have not been broadly explained yet. This study is conducted to explore nurses' perceptions of the co-worker support as psychological resource in the workplace. METHOD: The present study is a qualitative research. Fourteen staff nurses who were working in hospitals affiliated to the Khoy University of Medical Sciences, Iran were selected based on purposeful sampling and interviewed using un-structured in-depth interviews. All interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using conventional content analysis approach through constant comparative method. RESULTS: Data analysis revealed four major themes with 11 sub themes. The four major themes include 'emotional support', 'effective working relationship and collaboration', 'suitable social relationships', and 'guidance and teaching'. CONCLUSION: The results showed that, nurses had a positive perception of their colleagues' support in the workplace. Co-worker support is a multidimensional phenomenon and is influenced by various factors. Perceiving support from the colleague and having a sense of support can promote the quality of care and increase dealing with stressful situations in nursing. Therefore, communication and flexibility skills should be taught to both staff and managers in this regard.

Nurses' perceptions of co-worker support in the workplace: Qualitative research.

OBJECTIVE: Although the psychological factors of the work environment affect the quality of employees' performance more than physical factors, they have not been broadly explained yet. This study is conducted to explore nurses' perceptions of the co-worker support as psychological resource in the workplace. METHOD: The present study is a qualitative research. Fourteen staff nurses who were working in hospitals affiliated to the Khoy University of Medical Sciences, Iran were selected based on purposeful sampling and interviewed using un-structured in-depth interviews. All interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using conventional content analysis approach through constant comparative method. RESULTS: Data analysis revealed four major themes with 11 sub themes. The four major themes include 'emotional support', 'effective working relationship and collaboration', 'suitable social relationships', and 'guidance and teaching'. CONCLUSION: The results showed that, nurses had a positive perception of their colleagues' support in the workplace. Co-worker Support is a multidimensional phenomenon and is influenced by various factors. Perceiving support from the colleague and having a sense of support can promote the quality of care and increase dealing with stressful situations in nursing. Therefore, communication and flexibility skills should be taught to both staff and managers in this regard.

Nursing Students' Perceptions of Effective Factors on Mental Health: A Qualitative Content Analysis.

BACKGROUND: Mental health is a fundamental and widespread concept with individual meanings. The purpose of this study is to perceive and clarify the factors influencing mental health from the perspectives of nursing students. METHODS: The present qualitative study was conducted in Khoy, Iran from July-December 2018. Twenty nursing students were selected as the research participants through purposeful sampling method and interviewed using semi-structured in-depth interviews. All interviews were recorded, transcribed, and then analyzed with Graneheim and Lundman's approach of conventional content analysis. The Trail version of the MAXQDA 10 software was applied to conduct the coding process. RESULTS: Data analysis revealed four themes and 12 sub-themes. The themes included feeling of self-worth, religious beliefs, socio-economic factors, and behavioral factors. CONCLUSION: The results showed that mental health in nursing students is a multidimensional phenomenon and is influenced by various factors. The current results could help the nurse educators to intervene and provide suitable, effective, practicable, and culture based mental health services and also help the nursing students achieve mental stability. Therefore, it is suggested that further qualitative and interventional studies should be conducted in this area.

Nurses'experiences of perceived support and their contributing factors: A qualitative content analysis.

BACKGROUND: Following professional standards is the main concern of all managers in organizations. The functions of nurses are essential for both productivity and improving health organizations. In human resources management, supporting nursing profession is of ultimate importance. However, nurses' experiences of perceived support, which are affected by various factors in workplace, have not been clearly explained yet. Thus, this study aimed to explain nurses' experiences of perceived support and their contributing factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study is a qualitative research in which 12 nurses were selected through purposive sampling among nurses in university hospitals affiliated to University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran, during 2011-2012. Data collection was conducted through deep interviews with semi-structural questions. All interviews were first recorded and then transcribed. Finally, data were analyzed through conventional content analysis. RESULTS: The four main themes indicated that nurses experienced their workplace as non-supportive. Themes such as poor organizational climate, low social dignity, poor work conditions, and managers' ignorance to individual and professional values were considered as inhibitory factors to support. CONCLUSION: Nursing managers can promote nurses' positive support perceptions through recognizing inhibitory factors and applying fair solutions and take benefits of their positive consequences including high efficacy, self-esteem, and organizational commitment to promote the quality of care.